This group of psalms, from Psalm 56 to Psalm 60, is a "michtam" psalm. "Michtam means "permanent" or "engraved," picturing what is unmovable, stable, and enduring. In Psalm 55, David wanted the wings of a dove to fly away. In Psalm 56, this is realized. The enemy is outside, but the wicked are everywhere. David is at Gath historically and prophetically; this is Israel's experience in the future. Lessons are here for us.
v.1-2. David is surrounded by the enemy. He is in a dangerous position. What is he going to do in this situation? What can we do when being attacked?
v.3-4. What can a mortal man really do to us? How much harm can people do? They can inflict pain, suffering, and death. No person can rob us of our souls and our future beyond death. We do not fear those who kill the body. We fear God, who controls life and the future, and do not reject Him. David had fear and trust at the same time. Perfect love casts out fear.
v.5-7. Pressure may continue. People are often committed to putting down those who trust the Lord in any way they can. It is no surprise that people will keep the pressure on, discounting and discouraging those who belong to the Lord.
v.8. Often, we may waver between faith and fear. Even in our deepest sorrow, God counts our sorrow and wanderings and cares about what happens to us. God treasures the tears of His people. God knows every problem and every fear.
v.9-11. When those who oppose continue to pressure God's people, we can always call on God. We will find our assurance in God's Word as a resource from God and a connection with Him.
v.12-13. The vows of God are to be kept. The blessings of God deserve our thanks in every situation. David wanted to walk before God and not fail again. It is not uncommon for people in the world to continue to practice sin. Believers in whom the Spirit of God dwells walk in the Spirit and commit to that practice daily.